The Regulation Governing the Handling of Investigation Procedures for Civil and Public Aircraft Occurrence Article 5

The owner of the aircraft, the operator of the aircraft and the air traffic control agency (institution) shall report to the TTSB any of the following major aviation occurrences or suspected major aviation occurrences:1. Death or injury to any person.2. An aircraft that is missing or completely inaccessible.3. Substantial damage to an aircraft, or where there are sufficient grounds to believe that the aircraft has sustained substantial damage.4. An airborne aircraft coming within 500 feet of another airborne aircraft, requiring an avoidance maneuver to prevent a mid-air collision or an unsafe situation.5. An aircraft collision that may result in substantial damage to the aircraft.6. Occurrences during controlled flight where deviation from the assigned track or failure to comply with air traffic control instructions necessitates an emergency avoidance maneuver to avoid collision with terrain or obstacles.7. Aborted take-offs on a closed or engaged runway, on a taxiway or unassigned runway.8. Take-offs from a closed or engaged runway, from a taxiway or unassigned runway.9. Landings or attempted landings on a closed or engaged runway, on a taxiway or on an unassigned runway (less than 300 feet above the ground, or instructed by the air traffic controller to make a correction).10. Gross failures to achieve predicted performance during take-off or initial climb.11. Fires and/or smoke in the cockpit, in the passenger compartment, in cargo compartments or engine fire.12. Events requiring the emergency use of oxygen by the flight crew in accordance with the operation manual.13. Aircraft structural failures or engine disintegrations, including uncontained turbine engine failures, not classified as an accident.14. Multiple malfunctions of one or more aircraft systems seriously affecting the operation of the aircraft.15. Flight crew incapacitation in flight.16. Fuel quantity level or distribution situations requiring the declaration of an emergency by the pilot, such as insufficient fuel, fuel exhaustion, or inability to use all usable fuel on board.17. Runway incursions where the aircraft is close to an obstacle or other aircraft during take-off or landing phase.18. Take-off or landing incidents, such as under-shooting, overrunning or veering off the side of runways.19. System failures, weather phenomena, operations outside the approved flight envelope or other occurrences which caused or could have caused difficulties controlling the aircraft.20. Failures of more than one redundant system required for flight guidance and navigation.21. The unintentional or emergency release of a slung load or any other load carried externally to the aircraft.22. Any other occurrence that is likely to cause death or injury to any person, or that is likely to meet the criteria specified in Subparagraph 17, Article 2 of the Civil Aviation Act.
中文原文 民用航空器及公務航空器重大飛航事故調查作業處理規則第5條
航空器所有人、使用人及飛航管制機關(構)應通報下列重大飛航事故或疑似重大飛航事故:
一、人員死亡或傷害者。
二、航空器失蹤或無法接近該航空器者。
三、航空器實質損害,或有充分理由認為該航空器遭受實質損害者。
四、航空器空中接近至五百呎以內,須採緊急避讓動作始能防止相撞或危險之情況者。
五、航空器碰撞事件有造成航空器實質損害之虞者。
六、可控飛航中,偏離航道或未遵守航管指示,須採取緊急避讓操作以避免碰撞地形或地障者。
七、在被關閉或佔用之跑道、滑行道或未指定之跑道上放棄起飛者。
八、在被關閉或佔用之跑道、滑行道或未指定之跑道上起飛者。
九、在被關閉或佔用之跑道、滑行道或未指定的跑道上落地或嘗試落地(高度低於三百呎,或經航管指示修正)者。
十、在起飛或初始爬升階段未能達到預計之性能,情況嚴重者。
十一、駕駛艙、客艙或貨艙內失火或冒煙,或發動機失火者。
十二、飛航組員依操作手冊須緊急使用氧氣者。
十三、航空器之結構失效或發動機零組件脫離者。
十四、航空器系統之多重故障,嚴重影響航空器操作者。
十五、飛航組員於飛航時失能者。
十六、因燃油存量或燃油配送發生狀況,導致駕駛員必須宣布緊急狀況者,例如燃油量不足、燃油耗盡或無法使用所有機載燃油。
十七、航空器起飛或落地時,距障礙物或其他航空器極為接近之跑道入侵狀況者。
十八、起飛或落地時發生之事故,例如落地過早、滑出或偏出跑道者。
十九、航空器因系統失效、天候、操作超出飛航性能限制範圍或其他事故,造成操控困難者。
二十、為航空器飛航所必要之導引及導航系統中發生兩套以上之系統故障者。
二十一、為緊急處置或非蓄意,釋放航空器機外掛載之任何其他負載者。
二十二、其他有造成人員死亡、傷害或符合民航法第二條第十七款內容之虞者。

English translation for reference only; the Chinese text prevails. Not legal advice.