Regulations Governing the National Health Insurance Medical Care Article 4

Where a beneficiary undertakes a medical visit and fails to produce the NHI Card or identification document in a timely manner, the contracted medical care institution shall first provide medical service, charge the Insurance medical expenses, and issue a receipt according to the Enforcement Rules of the Medical Care Act.If a beneficiary receives medical care service according to the preceding paragraph, he or she shall submit the required document within ten days (excluding weekends and public holidays) from the date when he or she undertakes the medical visit in question or before he or she is discharged from the hospital. The contracted medical care institution shall return the beneficiary for the Insurance medical expenses after deducting the co-payments made by the beneficiary.
中文原文 全民健康保險醫療辦法第4條
保險對象就醫,因故未能及時繳驗健保卡或身分證件者,保險醫事服務機構應先行提供醫療服務,收取保險醫療費用,並開給符合醫療法施行細則規定之收據。
保險對象依前項規定接受醫療服務,於該次就醫之日起十日內(不含例假日)或出院前補送應繳驗之文件時,保險醫事服務機構應將所收保險醫療費用扣除保險對象應自行負擔之費用後退還。

English translation for reference only; the Chinese text prevails. Not legal advice.