Code of Civil Procedure Article 221
Except as otherwise provided, a judgment shall be based on the parties?oral arguments.No judge who did not participate in the arguments on which a judgment is based may participate in making the judgment.
中文原文 民事訴訟法第221條
判決，除別有規定外，應本於當事人之言詞辯論為之。
法官非參與為判決基礎之辯論者，不得參與判決。
法官非參與為判決基礎之辯論者，不得參與判決。