Ionizing Radiation Protection Act Article 2
DefinitionsThe terms used in this Act are defined as follows:(1)Ionizing radiation refers to electromagnetic or corpuscular radiation that directly or indirectly causes ionization of any material.(2)Radioactivity refers to the phenomenon of emitting ionizing radiation when a radionuclide spontaneously disintegrates.(3)Radioactive material refers to material that may emit ionizing radiation by spontaneous nuclear transformation.(4)Equipment capable of producing ionizing radiation refers to the equipment apart from nuclear reactor facilities capable of producing ionizing radiation by such means as electromagnetic fields, or nuclear reactions.(5)Radioactive waste refers to waste that is radioactive or is contaminated with radioactive material, including the spent nuclear fuel pending final disposal.(6)Radiation source refers to a source that produces or is capable of producing ionizing radiation, including radioactive material, equipment capable of producing ionizing radiation, nuclear reactors, and other material or apparatus designated or announced by the Competent Authority.(7)Background radiation refers to the following types of ionizing radiation:(a)cosmic rays;(b)ionizing radiation emitted by naturally occurring radioactive material which naturally exists in the Earth's crust or the atmosphere; (c)ionizing radiation emitted by naturally occurring radioactive material generally contained in ordinary human body tissues; and(d)ionizing radiation emitted by global fallout containing radioactive material arising from nuclear testing or other reasons.(8)Exposure refers to the process whereby the human body is exposed to irradiation by ionizing radiation, or contact with, or the intake of radioactive material.(9)Occupational exposure refers to the exposure that incurs from practices. (10)Medical exposure refers to the exposure of patients and their helpers to ionizing radiation in the course of diagnosis or treatment.(11)Emergency exposure refers to systematic exposure which is voluntarily received in order to rescue lives of persons in danger and to prevent the worsening of a situation, or other emergencies during and after the occurrence of an accident.(12)Practice refers to any human activity that introduces new radiation sources or exposure pathways, or enlarges the scope of worker exposure, or changes the exposure pathways of existing radiation sources, thereby leading to either exposure of people or an increase in the number of people subject to exposure, for the purpose of obtaining a net benefit. Practice includes the work of possession, manufacturing, production, installation, modification, use, handling, maintenance, dismantling, inspection, treatment, import, export, sale, transport, storage, transfer, leasing, transit, intermediary trade, discarding, or disposal of radiation sources and others designated or announced by the Competent Authority.(13)Intervention refers to the measures that are taken to affect exposure pathways between existing radiation sources and the persons exposed, for the purpose of reducing individual or collective exposure.(14)Facility operator refers to a person who operates a business connected with practice and who is permitted or licensed by the Competent Authority, or is registered with the Competent Authority.(15)Employer refers to a person who employs workers to engage in a business connected with practice. (16)Radiation workers are to employed or self-employed persons who frequently engage in practice and are aware that they may be subject to exposure. (17) Sievert / Sv refers to the SI unit of personal dose.(18)Dose limit refers to the maximum allowable dose arising from exposure received by a worker in practice. (19)Contaminating the environment refers to practice-related activities changing the amount of radioactive material in air, water, or soil thereby affecting its normal use in a way that jeopardizing the natural ecology, or damaging property.
中文原文 游離輻射防護法第2條
本法用詞定義如下：
一、游離輻射：指直接或間接使物質產生游離作用之電磁輻射或粒子輻射。
二、放射性：指核種自發衰變時釋出游離輻射之現象。
三、放射性物質：指可經由自發性核變化釋出游離輻射之物質。
四、可發生游離輻射設備：指核子反應器設施以外，用電磁場、原子核反應等方法，產生游離輻射之設備。
五、放射性廢棄物：指具有放射性或受放射性物質污染之廢棄物，包括備供最終處置之用過核子燃料。
六、輻射源：指產生或可產生游離輻射之來源，包括放射性物質、可發生游離輻射設備或核子反應器及其他經主管機關指定或公告之物料或機具。
七、背景輻射：指下列之游離輻射：
（一）宇宙射線。
（二）天然存在於地殼或大氣中之天然放射性物質釋出之游離輻射。
（三）一般人體組織中所含天然放射性物質釋出之游離輻射。
（四）因核子試爆或其他原因而造成含放射性物質之全球落塵釋出之游離輻射。
八、曝露：指人體受游離輻射照射或接觸、攝入放射性物質之過程。
九、職業曝露：指從事輻射作業所受之曝露。
十、醫療曝露：指在醫療過程中病人及其協助者所接受之曝露。
十一、緊急曝露：指發生事故之時或之後，為搶救遇險人員，阻止事態擴大或其他緊急情況，而有組織且自願接受之曝露。
十二、輻射作業：指任何引入新輻射源或曝露途徑、或擴大受照人員範圍、或改變現有輻射源之曝露途徑，從而使人們受到之曝露，或受到曝露之人數增加而獲得淨利益之人類活動。
包括對輻射源進行持有、製造、生產、安裝、改裝、使用、運轉、維修、拆除、檢查、處理、輸入、輸出、銷售、運送、貯存、轉讓、租借、過境、轉口、廢棄或處置之作業及其他經主管機關指定或公告者。
十三、干預：指影響既存輻射源與受曝露人間之曝露途徑，以減少個人或集體曝露所採取之措施。
十四、設施經營者：指經主管機關許可、發給許可證或登記備查，經營輻射作業相關業務者。
十五、雇主：指僱用人員從事輻射作業相關業務者。
十六、輻射工作人員：指受僱或自僱經常從事輻射作業，並認知會接受曝露之人員。
十七、西弗：指國際單位制之人員劑量單位。
十八、劑量限度：指人員因輻射作業所受之曝露，不應超過之劑量值。
十九、污染環境：指因輻射作業而改變空氣、水或土壤原有之放射性物質含量，致影響其正常用途，破壞自然生態或損害財物。
一、游離輻射：指直接或間接使物質產生游離作用之電磁輻射或粒子輻射。
二、放射性：指核種自發衰變時釋出游離輻射之現象。
三、放射性物質：指可經由自發性核變化釋出游離輻射之物質。
四、可發生游離輻射設備：指核子反應器設施以外，用電磁場、原子核反應等方法，產生游離輻射之設備。
五、放射性廢棄物：指具有放射性或受放射性物質污染之廢棄物，包括備供最終處置之用過核子燃料。
六、輻射源：指產生或可產生游離輻射之來源，包括放射性物質、可發生游離輻射設備或核子反應器及其他經主管機關指定或公告之物料或機具。
七、背景輻射：指下列之游離輻射：
（一）宇宙射線。
（二）天然存在於地殼或大氣中之天然放射性物質釋出之游離輻射。
（三）一般人體組織中所含天然放射性物質釋出之游離輻射。
（四）因核子試爆或其他原因而造成含放射性物質之全球落塵釋出之游離輻射。
八、曝露：指人體受游離輻射照射或接觸、攝入放射性物質之過程。
九、職業曝露：指從事輻射作業所受之曝露。
十、醫療曝露：指在醫療過程中病人及其協助者所接受之曝露。
十一、緊急曝露：指發生事故之時或之後，為搶救遇險人員，阻止事態擴大或其他緊急情況，而有組織且自願接受之曝露。
十二、輻射作業：指任何引入新輻射源或曝露途徑、或擴大受照人員範圍、或改變現有輻射源之曝露途徑，從而使人們受到之曝露，或受到曝露之人數增加而獲得淨利益之人類活動。
包括對輻射源進行持有、製造、生產、安裝、改裝、使用、運轉、維修、拆除、檢查、處理、輸入、輸出、銷售、運送、貯存、轉讓、租借、過境、轉口、廢棄或處置之作業及其他經主管機關指定或公告者。
十三、干預：指影響既存輻射源與受曝露人間之曝露途徑，以減少個人或集體曝露所採取之措施。
十四、設施經營者：指經主管機關許可、發給許可證或登記備查，經營輻射作業相關業務者。
十五、雇主：指僱用人員從事輻射作業相關業務者。
十六、輻射工作人員：指受僱或自僱經常從事輻射作業，並認知會接受曝露之人員。
十七、西弗：指國際單位制之人員劑量單位。
十八、劑量限度：指人員因輻射作業所受之曝露，不應超過之劑量值。
十九、污染環境：指因輻射作業而改變空氣、水或土壤原有之放射性物質含量，致影響其正常用途，破壞自然生態或損害財物。